Саяханы нэг өдөр Mac үйлдлийн систем суусан Intel based зөөврийн компьютерт Windows XP суулгасан юм. Суулгасан дарааллыг энд тавьж байна. Ажилыг товчхон хэлвэл : (1) Одоо байгаа үйлдлийн системийг Mас OS X Leopard болгон сайжруулах, (2) Windows суухад зориулж хатуу дискийг хуваах, (3) Windows үйлдлийн системээ суулгах, (4) Windows -д зориулсан driver-үүдийг суулгах, (5) Boot (Суусан байгаа үйлдлийн системүүдийн сонголт) сонголт болон бусад ажлууд.
-------------------------- Ажлын систем : - MacBOOK - Intel Core 2 Duo processor - OS : Tiger OS X 10.4.1 --------------------------
1. Mac Tiger OS -ийг Mас OS X Leopard болгон сайжруулах (Mac Tiger OS дээр Windows суулгаж болохгүй гэнэ ээ.) - Системийг эхлүүлэх - "Mас OS X Leopard upgrade DVD" -г CD/DVD drvier-т хийж, идэвхжүүл - Mас OS X Leopard -ийг суулгах үйл ажиллагаа, ... - Leopard DVD -г гарган, системийг дахин ажиллуулах
VLC - the cross-platform media player and streaming server
VLC media player is a highly portable multimedia player for various audio and video formats (MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, DivX, mp3, ogg, ...) as well as DVDs, VCDs, and various streaming protocols. It can also be used as a server to stream in unicast or multicast in IPv4 or IPv6 on a high-bandwidth network. I tried to compile VLC with all main options.
- PortAudio The portaudio is cross platform audio I/O library and it provide very simple API for recording and/or playing sound a simple callback function. Source web site: http://www.portaudio.com/
# tar zxvf pa_stable_v19_061121.tar.gz # cd portaudio # ./configure # make; make install
# tar zxvf /root/vlc/libgii-1.0.2.src.tar.gz # cd libgii-1.0.2/ # ./configure # make; make install # cd ..
- Libggi The GGI stands for General Graphics Interface, and it is a project that aims to develop a reliable, stable and fast graphics system that works everywhere. Source web site: http://www.ggi-project.org/
# tar zxvf /root/vlc/libggi-2.2.2.src.tar.gz # cd libggi-2.2.2/ # ./configure # make; make install # cd ..
- wxWidgets The wxWidgets gives that easy-to-use API for writing GUI applications on multiple platforms that still utilize the native platform's controls and utilities. Default skin of the VLC is developed by wxWidgets and library of GGI and GII. Source web site: http://www.wxwidgets.org/
# tar zxvf /tmp/wxWidgets-2.8.6.tar.gz # cd wxWidgets-2.8.6/ # ./configure --enable-unicode # make; make install # ldconfig
- Installing required RPM packages: During the compile (./configure, make, make install), we have to install following packages which are enabled in configure.
The first symbol of each line (+, -, and a blank):
(+) would indicate that this line is to be added. (-) would indicate that this line is to be removed.
************************
Applying a Patch:
Just change to the correct directory and give the patch command.
# patch -p0
Levels (-p0,-p1, ...etc) in the Patch Command:
# patch -p0
The -p option will optionally strip off directory levels from the patch-file.
- Using a -p0 will expect, from your current working directory, to find a subdirectory called "new", then the "myfile.c" file below that. - Using a -p1 will strip off the 1st level from the path and expect to find "myfile.c" in the current working directory. Patch will ignore the "new" directory mentioned in the header of the patch-file. - Using a -p2 in this example, patch probably would not patch anything.
------------------------------------- My system : Redhat EL4 Linux with kernel 2.6.9 ------------------------------------- 1. Check/install svn packages
# svn svn svnadmin svnversion .....
# which svn /usr/bin/svn
# which svnserve /usr/bin/svnserve
2. Adding svn new user
# adduser svnversion
3. Create config file "/etc/xinetd.d/svnserve"
# vi /etc/xinetd.d/svnserve
# # Subversion server # service svnserve { socket_type = stream protocol = tcp user = subversion wait = no disable = no server = /usr/bin/svnserve server_args = -i -r /home/svn }
.... save
4. Restart xinetd
5. Create repository
# su subversion% svnadmin create /usr/local/svn/my-projects
# svn diff myfile.c (between myfile.c and current revision of myfile.c) # svn diff (diff for all files) # svn diff -r 114 (diff between revision 114 and local working folder file) # svn diff -r 114:115 (diff between revisions 114 and 115)
Examine/display SVN status
# svn status -u (-u, -v : more information) # svn status -u -v
HOW-TO compile the Linux kernel
There are common three reasons for a recompile a kernel.
1. You have some new hardware that your current kernel of linux distributuion could not detect it. (You want to add kernel module of the new hardware) 2. You may have come across some kind of bug which is fixed in a revision of the operating system. 3. You may have some new software which requires a newer version of the operating system.
***************** 1. We can download the new kernel source and new patches from the Linux kernel archive web site. Web : http://www.kernel.org
2. Check the current kernel packages:
# rpm -qa | grep kernel*
Or
# uname -a
3. Preparing for Kernel update Before build new kernel, you need to install Qt, Qt-devel and Qt-config which are used "make xconfig". If you do not need to use xconfig, do not to do this step.
# rpm -ivh qt*.rpm
or (If you use Redhat distribution, you can use up2date command.)
**************** Compile the Linux kernel (from RPM package)
4. Obtain the kernel source "kernel-.src.rpm" file from one of the following sources: - The SRPMS directory on the appropriate SRPMS CD iso image. - The FTP site where you got the kernel package. - By running the command "up2date" (if you use redhat linux)
# up2date --get-source kernel
5. Install kernel source (kernel-.src.rpm) using the command "rpm".
# rpm -Uvh kernel-.src.rpm
This writes the RPM contents into "/usr/src/redhat/SOURCES" and "/usr/src/redhat/SPECS".
6. Prepare the kernel sources using the command "rpmbuild".
# cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS # rpmbuild -bp --target $(arch) kernel-2.6.spec
Here : --target $(arch) - current system architecture (exm: i386, etc.)
The kernel source tree will be located in the "/usr/src/redhat/BUILD/kernel-" directory. To move the resulting "linux-" directory to the "/usr/src" tree.
# cd /usr/src/redhat/BUILD/ # mv linux- /usr/src/ # cd /usr/src # ln -s ./linux- linux # cd /usr/src/linux
7. The configurations for the specific kernels find from the "configs/" directory. For example, the i386 SMP configuration file is named "configs/kernel--i386-smp.config". Issue the following command to place the desired configuration file in the proper place for building:
# cp configs/xxxxx .config
We can also find the ".config" file that matches current kernel configuration in the "/lib/modules//build/.config" file.
8. Every kernel gets a name based on its version number which displayed the output of command "uname ?r". The kernel name is defined by the first four lines of the kernel Makefile. You have to edit the kernel Makefile. Example, If command "uname -r" returns the string "2.6.9-5", we changed the EXTRAVERSION definition from this:
EXTRAVERSION = -pre to this: EXTRAVERSION = -5_NEW
9. Change old kernel configuration (.config) to new configuration.
# make oldconfig
"oldconfig" which is read the defaults from an existing .config and rewrite necessary links and files. Note that oldconfig will only work within the same major version of the kernel.
# make xconfig
"xconfig" is an X Window based frontend. It requires the Tcl/Tk, QT development tools and X libraries to work.
10. To configure and build the kernel
# make all
11. Build modules
# make modules_install # make install
Note: The command "make install", it will create following files in the "/boot" folder and configure the boot loader configuration file.
"vmlinuz-", "initrd-.img", "System.map-"
**************** Compile the Linux kernel (from TAR package)
4. Obtain the kernel source "kernel-.tar.gz" file from Linux Kernel archives or other Kernel mirror site.
5. Unpack the kernel source file (kernel-xxx.tar.gz or kernel-xxx.tar.bz2) using the command "tar".
# tar -xvfz kernel-xxx.tar.gz # tar -xvfj kernel-xxx.tar.bz2
6. To move the result "linux-" directory to the "/usr/src" tree.
# mv linux- /usr/src # cd /usr/src/ # ln -s ./linux- linux # cd /usr/src/linux
7. The configurations for the specific kernels find from the "configs/" directory. For example, the i386 SMP configuration file is named "configs/kernel--i386-smp.config". Issue the following command to place the desired configuration file in the proper place for building:
# cp configs/xxx .config
We can also find the ".config" file that matches current kernel configuration in the "/lib/modules//build/.config" file.
8. Every kernel gets a name based on its version number which displayed the output of command "uname ?r". The kernel name is defined by the first four lines of the kernel Makefile. You have to edit the kernel Makefile. Example, If command "uname -r" returns the string "2.6.9-5", we changed the EXTRAVERSION definition from this:
EXTRAVERSION = -pre to this: EXTRAVERSION = -5_NEW
9. Change old kernel configuration (.config) to new configuration.
# make oldconfig
"oldconfig" which is read the defaults from an existing .config and rewrite necessary links and files. Note that oldconfig will only work within the same major version of the kernel.
# make xconfig
"xconfig" is an X Window based frontend. It requires the Tcl/Tk, QT development tools and X libraries to work.
10. To configure and build the kernel
# make all
11. Build modules
# make modules_install # make install
Note: The command "make install", it will create following files in the "/boot" folder and configure the boot loader configuration file.
"vmlinuz-", "initrd-.img", "System.map-"
Enjoy youtube video : "How to compile linux kernel"
Note: Using this manual, I compiled following Linux distribution/Kernel :
HOW-TO Install Madwifi, Linux device driver for wireless LAN chipsets from Atheros
Madwifi is project provides a Linux kernel device driver for Atheros chipset based Wireless LAN device. We have Madwifi-old, Madwifi-ng and official release Madwifi-0.9.x drivers. Web : http://www.madwifi.org/ http://www.madwifi.net/
----------------------------------------- My system : - RHEL 4 with kernel 2.6.9-5 and 2.6.13-5 - SUSE Linux 10.0 with kernel 2.6.13 Wireless driver : Madwifi-ng , Madwifi-old , Madwifi-0.9.2 Wireless device : ATERM WL54AG -----------------------------------------
# lspci ........... 05:02.0 CardBus bridge: Ricoh Co Ltd RL5c475 (rev 80)06:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications, Inc. AR5212 802.11abg NIC (rev 01)
HOW-TO Install Host AP driver for Intersil Prism2/2.5/3
Host AP is a Linux driver for Intersil Prism 2/2.5/3 chipset based wireless network card. More information and current version of Host AP driver and hostap-utils can be acquiring following site: http://hostap.epitest.fi/
------------------------------------ My system : - RHEL 4 with kernel 2.6.9-5 and 2.6.13-5 - SUSE Linux 10.0 with kernel 2.6.13 Wireless driver : Hostap-driver-0.4.7.tar.gz Hostap-Util : Hostap-utils-0.4.7.tar.gz Wireless card : PLANEX GW-CF11X ------------------------------------
1. Building Host AP driver.
# tar -zxvf hostap-driver-0.4.7.tar.gz # cd hostap-driver-0.4.7
We have to change Makefile before compile Host AP driver. Edit the kernel path “KERNEL_PATH” in Makefile to math current system. Our case, we compiled kernel from the path “/usr/src/linux (KERNEL_PATH=/usr/src/linux).
# make # make install
2. Add hostap modules to kernel.
# modprobe hostap_pci or # modprobe hostap # modprobe hostap_cs
4. After load the Host AP modules, we need to add wireless network PCMCIA card model information into config file (/etc/pcmcia/hostap_cs.conf). Identify the current plugged wireless card.
The Linux Orinoco Driver supports a wide range of wireless network interface cards implementing 802.11b standard.
--------------------------------------------- My system : - Redhat 9 Linux with kernel 2.4.20 - Wireless card :“BUFFALO WLI-CF-S11G”. ---------------------------------------------
